MG's EX186 Prototype: Abingdon Skunkworks LeMans Project
Owners: Joe and Cathy GundersonCity: Littleton, CO
Model: prototype (based on an MGA Twin-Cam)
Engine: MGA Twin-Cam
Restoration by: owner
MG Builds a LeMans Prototype
MG's senior management had every intention of winning at LeMans in 1961. Their appetite
for victory had been whetted by MG's last-minute three-car entry in the 1955 race.
That race went very well indeed: the brand-new MGA model proved itself by placing
twelfth overall and fifth in class. Not bad for a underdog and rookie team
competing against more highly developed, powerful, and expensive cars!
John Thornley (MG's Managing Director) and Syd Enever (MG's Chief Designer) laid
careful plans for developing a very special MGA-based "prototype" for the express
purpose of winning LeMans outright.1 They would utilize the then-new
dual-overhead cam version of BMC's "B-Series" engine. Probably recognizing that
their engine wouldn't give them a performance edge, because other cars would have a
full liter more displacement, they planned to compensate with a specially built,
lightweight, and extremely aerodynamic aluminum body. They also planned a highly
developed chassis featuring DeDion-type rear suspension.2
"EX186" is the racecar that resulted from these plans. The car was built and
test driven. By all accounts its performance was judged successful. For
complicated reasons, the LeMans project was cancelled before EX186 was ever
raced. This article will take a technical look at the design of EX186.
From even a cursory look, EX186 is clearly a development of the MGA. However, a closer
look at design details might help us understand the MGB model better. EX186 and the
MGB were designed concurrently and on the same drawing boards. In a presentation
at "MG2006," Don Hayter (Chief Designer on the MGB project) indicated that the
EX186's DeDion-type rear suspension was so well regarded that he felt it should
have been used on production MGB's.
The other key fact to keep in mind as you consider EX186 is that it was a
"skunkworks" project. MG wanted so badly to race... but MG was part of a bigger
company that adamantly didn't want MG to race! EX186 was successfully kept
completely secret from Deputy Chairman and Managing Director Sir Leonard Lord,
and from all the rest of BMC management. MG managed to keep the secret from
leaking even while all Austin Healey production moved into MG's factory at Abingdon,
even while sourcing special components from other divisions and from key suppliers,
and even while recruiting sponsors like Dunlop and Esso for the race team.
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The very earliest engineering drawings for EX186 are dated 1955, and actual
construction of EX186 primarily spanned 1958 and much of 1959. Whether or not
additional cars on the same design were scheduled isn't clear, but EX186
was completed and was being race-tuned when the LeMans project was aborted.
MG management decided to cancel the EX186 project before the car was ever raced.
The final straw that broke the EX186 project was that Twin-Cam production was
halted prematurely.
It was normal MG practice to destroy racing prototypes after retiring them, but
someone at the MG factory creatively decided to dispatch EX186 to a U.S. dealership,
invoiced as "auto parts". Not just any dealership either; EX186 was sent to Kjell
Qvale at British Motor Car Distributors Ltd. at 1200 Van Ness Avenue in San Francisco.
Probably no MG dealership was more actively engaged in racing, but miraculously EX186
was never raced in California although Qvale would've been perfectly positioned to
campaign the car in the active California roadracing scene, or to sell the car to
someone who would.
Kjell Qvale kept EX186 safely stored from 1960 through 1966. After that it was sold,
licensed, and driven on public roads for about two years until its engine required
overhaul. At that time, overhaul costs were prohibitive and the car was removed
from service and stored in a barn, on a walnut farm in Red Bluff CA. Luckily,
the hand-built aluminum body survived intact. MG Enthusiasts Joe and Cathy Gunderson
purchased the car in 1982 and they've been carefully restoring it as a long-term
project. Tracking down missing original parts has been one of the special
challenges of this unique restoration.
MGA Twin-Cam 1588cc four cylinder engine
Specifications and Features
| Note: the following specifications are "as currently configured" unless otherwise noted. |
|
| Engine: | MGA Twin-Cam 1588cc inline four cylinder (BMC B-series with a special
aluminum head. Note: EX186 was probably originally fitted with an
earlier 1489cc version of the engine, although this has not yet been
confirmed. Details like compression ratio and cam profiles are also
unknown.) The original oil pan has been installed; unlike a stock
finned-aluminum Twin-Cam pan, EX186 features a specially fabricated
steel pan with approximately 10 quart capacity. |
| Induction: | dual Weber 42DCOE two-barrel, side-draft carburetors. (MG originally
installed Weber DCO carburetors on EX186.) |
| Ignition: | stock MG Twin-Cam. |
| Cooling: | EX186 features a very thick core special aluminum radiator, marked "Morris".
A matching aluminum oil cooler is bolted to the bottom of the radiator.
The original aluminum coolant swirl tank is used for de-aeration.
Apparently no coolant thermostat or restrictor plate has over been fitted.
No cooling fan is utilized.
After passing through the radiator, airflow is divided and ducted
into the front wheel wells. The shape of the wheel arches and
the unique "eyebrow" fender flares were evidently engineered
in part to manage and increase airflow out of the fender wells.
Note: there's no airflow over the engine and in fact the engine
compartment is essentially fully enclosed because EX186 features
full belly pans. |
| Exhaust: | custom header and stainless steel muffler built to the original
MG engineering drawings. The header is essentially a tri-y design
with very long primaries"; cylinders "1" and "4" are paired, as
are cylinders "2" and "3". The primary collectors are just above
the muffler, and the muffler functions as a secondary collector. |
| Transmission: | (original) standard MGA 4-speed transmission with close-ratio ("factory
option") gear set. Stock MGA-type slave cylinder, except modified with
the bleeder in a different position. Shortened Austin Healey 100-6/3000
driveshaft. |
| Front Suspension: | similar to stock Twin-Cam except with noticeably different upper control
arms and with a different (all aluminum) steering rack. The front
anti-sway bar appears to be a stock MGA part. The lower control arms
have been lightened. |
| Rear Suspension: | essentially a deDion type suspension, but with some details that are
quite different from more familiar production-car deDion suspensions (Rover P5/P6, etc.)
Specifically, in lieu of coil springs the EX186 suspension utilizes leaf springs.
As in all deDion suspensions, the differential is rigidly mounted, and is connected
to the hubs with jointed halfshafts. The two hubs are connected by a rigid beam
which runs transversely behind the differential; the beam keeps the planes of the
hubs parallel in all situations. The leaf springs are specially constructed and are
shorter in length but noticeably softer-sprung than standard MGA (or MGB) springs.
The design utilizes outboard brakes (with pinch-type, cable-operated emergency
brake feature, similar to a regular Twin-Cam system) and knee-action shock
absorbers. No Panhard rod or rear anti-sway bar is fitted. |
| Brakes: | Dunlop four wheel disc brakes. Note: brake and clutch have seperate Girling
master cylinders, and the brake master cylinder has a remote reservoir. |
| Wheels/Tires: | 15x5.5 Dunlop peg-drive knock-off steel wheels. Dunlop bias-ply historic
racing tires. (Note: EX186 was apparently wearing three out of its four
original Dunlop tires when the Gunderson's acquired it. The tread was nearly
entirely worn off!) |
| Chassis: | EX186's steel frame is obviously based on the standard MGA design, but all the
dimensions are somewhat different, and the MGA's "goal post" was omitted.
94" wheelbase, 49" track. The floorboards are riveted to the bottom of the frame
rails. The transmission tunnel is mounted above the floorboards, and is designed
to be conveniently removeable for service. A hinged access cover in the transmission
tunnel facilitates checking and topping off transmission oil. |
| Body: | hand-made all aluminum body constructed by "Midlands Sheet Metal".
14'5" overall length. Full, smooth, aluminum belly pan. Removeable bonnet
(secured by two Dzus fasteners at rear). Removeable access panel for the
cooling system. Removeable luggage compartment lid. New two-tone paint,
carefully matched to the original colors. (Interior paint is still original.)
Perspex three piece windscreen. (Note: the original center panel was cracked
and required replacement, but the windshield extensions on the doors
are still original!) Dual windhshield wipers. Original Perspex headlamp
covers. |
| Weight: | 1870# (not quite dry) |
| Fuel System: | original specially-constructed 26 gallon steel baffled fuel tank, complete
with original specially-modified Lucas fuel level sensor. Two
original Jaguar-type (dual-ended) SU fuel pumps. Interestingly, the
fuel pumps are plumbed in parallel to the two respective Weber carburetors,
without crossover. (If either pump failed, the car would have to
stop for repair.) |
| Electrical: | 12V positive ground electrical system. Lucas Generator. Jaguar 140
3-position voltage regulator, mounted on the passenger-side/cabin-side
firewall. A modern Suzuki battery fits neatly in the original battery's
location. All of the original wiring, switches, and instruments have
been maintained. Two Lucas fuse blocks are mounted on the
passenger-side/cabin-side of the firewall (giving this racecar twice as
many fuses as a stock MGA), and interestingly all four headlamp filaments
are seperately fused. Regular MGA starter switch and headlamp switch. |
| Lights: | Lucas "LeMans 24" model 7" round headlamps, as original. Interestingly,
these lamps have replaceable bulb elements which can be accessed from
the wheel wells. EX186 has always had clear position lights outboard of
the headlamps. It also has taillamps with integral brake light function,
and it also has license plate lamps, but no turn signal indicators have
ever been fitted. |
| Instruments: | (from left to right, as shown below) Jaeger fuel level gauge, Smiths
oil temperature gauge, Jaeger dual oil pressure/coolant temperature gauge,
Smiths chronometer ("tachometer") with tattletale, and Lucas amp gauge.
The chronometer's function is especially interesting in that the needle
rises and falls in discernable "ratchet" steps. The tattletale feature
records the highest engine speed registered; it's reset by a button on
the back. All instruments are illuminated for nighttime driving. EX186
has never had a speedometer. |
| Interior: | original seats (constructed from steel tubing with aluminum pans),
reupholstered in green vinyl to match the original. The headrest
has been similarly reupholstered. The steel dashboard has been
repainted in the original dark green color. The aluminum doors feature
special aluminum hinges, but utilize standard MGA latches. (The doors
fit properly; they open and close neatly.) The doors have cargo pockets
built-in. A stock MGA steering wheel was utilized, albeit with the center
removed. |
| Other Notes: | LeMans rules required that all cars be fitted with a passenger seat and a
spare tire, although they wouldn't be used in the race. Interestingly, MG
used a bungie cord to hold the spare tire in place.
|
Engine Installation
Dual Weber 42DCOE two-barrel, side-draft carburetors. EX186 was never equipped with S.U. carburetors.
Foreground: the original aluminum coolant swirl tank is used for de-aeration.
Center: a modern Suzuki battery fits neatly in the original battery's location.
Suspension
Smooth aluminum panels the full length and width of the bottom of the car minimized aerodynamic drag.
Known as "bellypans", these panels are easily removeable for access to engine and suspension.
(Here, and in the next three photos, bellypans have been temporily removed for our inspection.)
EX186's front suspension is similar to a stock MGA Twin-Cam. Differences include an all-aluminum
steering rack, noticeably different upper control arms, and lightened lower control arms.
The rigid transverse beam of a deDion rear suspension keeps the rear wheels parallel in all situations.
Compared to a stock MGA, the rear springs are relatively soft. No rear anti-sway bar is employed.
From the rear, with bellypan removed, you can see the fuel tank and twin S.U. fuel pumps.
(You can also see eight of the Dzus fastener receptor springs that would secure the bellypan.)
Interior
Left to right: Jaeger fuel level gauge, Smiths oil temperature gauge, Jaeger dual oil pressure/coolant
temperature gauge, Smiths chronometer ("tachometer") with tattletale, and Lucas amp gauge.
EX186 is a well-crafted car. The custom aluminum doors feature special aluminum hinges, but they
utilize standard MGA latches. The doors fit properly, and open and close quite neatly.
A stock MGA steering wheel was utilized, albeit with the center removed.
Exterior
EX186 is shown here with its original Perspex headlamp covers, not reproductions.
Custom stainless steel muffler built to the original MG engineering drawings.
LeMans rules required that all cars be fitted with a spare tire. EX186's was located under this cover.
15x5.5 Dunlop peg-drive knock-off steel wheels. Dunlop bias-ply historic racing tires.
Endurance racing requires large capacity fuel tanks. EX186 still has its original specially-constructed
26 gallon steel baffled fuel tank, complete with original specially-modified Lucas fuel level sensor.
The original center section of EX186's Perspex three piece windscreen was cracked and required
replacement, but the windshield extensions on the doors are still original!
When MG tested EX186 on public roads, it wore British registration plate number "451 MO".
| Notes: | |||||||
| (1) | In researching the history of his car, Joe Gunderson spoke to several former MG employees who made it quite clear that MG aspired to win LeMans outright, not just finish first within their class. Could EX186 have been that competitive? Historically, LeMans rewards disciplined teams that drive reliable cars very consistently, lap after lap. Few successful teams win by racing all out; instead, teams win by maintaining a fast but consistent pace. If overall victory was indeed their goal, MG had to have been betting much faster cars would fail before them because EX186 would have a very large disadvantage in power. The MG Twin-Cam engine can only be enlarged to approximately two liters displacement, so it would have been racing against engines fully fifty percent larger. Even at that, it's a comparatively long stroke / small bore engine. It would have had a substantial technical disadvantage in total piston area and in piston speed. (Large piston area is favorable for making power. High piston speed is associated with durability problems.) Through the mid-fifties, some racing organizations followed handicapping systems whereby a smaller-engined car might be given certain allowances, such as being allowed to run a supercharger or being given a "head start" in terms of laps. LeMans rules didn't aide smaller cars. Through 1958, LeMans classed cars by displacement. Starting in 1959, LeMans added classes for non-production "prototype" cars such as EX186. The 1959 LeMans race was dominated by two Aston Martin prototypes with 3-liter inline six engines; they completed 323 and 322 laps respectively. The next four finishers were all Ferrari 250's with marvelous 3-liter V12 engines. The fastest two liter car at LeMans in 1959 was an AC Ace with a Bristol inline six engine; it completed 273 laps to finish seventh overall, fully fifty laps off the winning pace. The only MG that raced at LeMans in 1959 was Ted Lund's MGA, which completed 185 laps. Had MG won outright at LeMans with MG EX186, it would have been one of the biggest upsets in all of racing history. | ||||||
| (2) | Although a deDion suspension utilizing leaf springs would have been quite uncommon for MG, this configuration was de rigueur for top-flight international racing in the 1950's. Until Lotus introduced their "Type 16" in 1958, coil springs and independent rear suspension were extremely unusual features in purpose-built racecars. However, technology was changing especially quickly in this era. By the early 1960's, racecars with deDion rear suspensions were generally uncompetitive against racecars with unequal/unparallel wishbone independent rear suspension systems. | ||||||
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